The BioRC Biomimetic Real-Time Cortex Project

Alice C. Parker, Principal Investigator

Welcome to the BioRC Project

The BioRC Project at the University of Southern California, led by Prof. Alice Parker, researches the fundamental National Academy of Engineering challenge, Reverse Engineering the Brain. The questions  if, when and how an artificial brain could be constructed are being raised, and research into the fundamental challenges involved in whole brain emulation is continuing. These challenges include

  • emulating the complexity of the individual neuronal computations,
  • constructing systems on the scale of the human brain with billions of neurons and trillions of synapses,
  • connecting the neurons for effective and efficient communication, and
  • implementing plasticity, the ability of the brain to change and grow as learning occurs.
  • An ancillary challenge is producing a low-power design.

The basic approach of the BioRC project is to employ analog computations (an approach pioneered by Carver Mead at Cal Tech) to emulate neural structures. This approach is supported by the use of nanotechnology, with structures a few nanometers in dimension, with the capability of controlled assembly and use, envisioned a half-century ago by physicist Richard Feynman. The approach relies on implementing the functions of neural mechanisms believed to be important for learning and memory, while approximating the detailed implementations of the mechanisms.

The BioRC group is the first group to demonstrate in a CMOS circuit the effect of Astrocytes (Glial Cells) on synaptic transmission, one of first three groups to use fabricated carbon nanoutube transistors to demonstrate analog neuromorphic circuits (in collaboration with Chongwu Zhou's Nanolab), the first group to simulate neuomorphic circuits using carbon nanotube models (in collaboration with Chongwu Zhou's Nanolab), and the first group to implement dendritic plasticity in neuromorphic circuits


BioRC Research Topics


Neural Applications

Relevant Publications since 2006

  1. Towards a Nanoscale Artificial Cortex
  2. Estimation of Maximum Connections for CMOS Neuron Chip Design
  3. Emulation of Neural Networks at Nanoscale
  4. Emulation of Neural Networks on a Nano-scale Spin-Wave Architecture
  5. A Biomimetic Carbon Nanotube Synapse Circuit
  6. A Carbon Nanotube Implementation of Temporal and Spatial Dendritic Computations
  7. Managing Complexity in an Autonomous Vehicle
  8. A Carbon Nanotube Cortical Neuron with Excitatory and Inhibitory Dendritic Computations 
  9. A Hierarchical Artificial Retina Architecture, the International Symposium on SPIE Europe Microtechnologies for the New Millennium, 4-6 May 2009, in Dresden, Germany
  10. A Carbon Nanotube Cortical Neuron with Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity   Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), Sept. 2-6, 2009
  11. A Carbon Nanotube Spiking Cortical Neuron with Tunable Refractory Period and Spiking
    Duration
    , presented at the LASCAS Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2010
  12. Towards biomimetic stereo vision, Benjamin L. Raskob and Alice C. Parker, NAECON 2010
  13. A Memristor Spice Model for Designing Memristor Circuits, Mohammad Mahvash and Alice C. Parker, MWSCAS, Aug. 2010, Seattle. 
  14. Dendritic Computations, Dendritic Spiking and Dendritic Plasticity in Nanoelectronic Neurons, Chih-Chieh Hsu, Alice C. Parker and Jonathan Joshi, IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Seattle, Aug 2010.
  15. A biomimetic fabricated carbon nanotube synapse for prosthetic applications, Jon Joshi;   Jialu Zhang;   Chuan Wang;   Chih-Chieh Hsu;   Alice C. Parker.;   Chongwu Zhou;   and Udhay Ravishankar;   Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop (LiSSA), 2011 IEEE/NIH, April 2011.
  16. An In-silico Glial Microdomain to Invoke Excitability in Cortical Neural Networks, Joshi, Jonathan,  Parker, Alice C.  and Tseng, Ko-Chung,  IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems ISCAS, May 2011.
  17. A Directionally-Selective Neuromorphic Circuit Based on Reciprocal Synapses in Starburst Amacrine Cells, Ko-Chung Tseng, Alice C. Parker, and Jonathan Joshi, Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), Sept, 2011. 
Presentations
Unpublished Manuscripts
Animation of an artist's conception of a 3D carbon nanotube synapse drawn by Khushnood Irani

Dissertation Research Areas

Retinal Simulation: Adi Azar
The Role of Glial Cell Circuits: Yilda Irizarry-Valle
Intracellular (Dendritic) Computation Circuits: Chih-Chieh Hsu
Spiking Neuron Circuits, Synaptic and Structural Plasticity Circuit Emulations: Jonathan Joshi
Variability in Neural Network Circuits: Mohammad Mahvash
Binocular (Stereo) Vision at a Functional Level: Ben Raskob
Retinal Circuits and Whole Retinal Connectivity: Ko-Chung Tseng
Neuromorphic nanocircuits: Rebecca Lee


Funding
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Award--0726815 and funding provided by the University of Southern California Viterbi School of Engineering and the USC WiSE program.    Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recomendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation (NSF).
 
Other research, teaching and outside activities

Background image provided by BrainMaps.org